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Hologram Universe Hologram knowledge1 Hologram knowledge2 Hologram knowledge3 Hologram basic Introduction to hologram The development of hologram technology and prospects
Introduction
A hologram technology is booming optical branch, the main use of the optical principle, is a no lenses, two imaging techniques to get all the information of the object with coherent light interference. If hologram technology in photographic applications with ordinary photographic technology the biggest difference is that the hologram technology, able to use the principle of laser coherence, the amplitude and phase of the object light reflectance (or transmittance) at the same time is recorded on the photosensitive plate, also The light reflected from an object is recorded, and the ability to reproduce three-dimensional images of three-dimensional. The recorded hologram technology is not an image, and light waves. Hologram technology in recent years has penetrated into all fields of social life and is widely used in modern scientific research and industrial production, especially in the modern testing, bio-engineering, medicine, arts, business, security and modern storage technology has been shown to a special advantage. With the rapid development of the hologram technology, hologram technology products are becoming more and more market-oriented, applied to modern life.
2. Hologram technology development profile
Hologram technology is to improve the electron microscope, the 1948 British scientist (Dennis Gabor) Dennis • Goppal, image quality, to reproduce wave theory before, and won the Nobel Prize. But it was poor due to the lack of pure mutual interference of light, the quality of the hologram. Until twelve years later in 1960, the lasers come out, made into a University of Michigan Aimei Di Aires and Zhu Rees • Youpeinike first hologram photo, hologram technology have vigorous and rapid development.
Development of holography about can be divided into coaxial holography, off-axis holography, white reproduction holography, white light holography four stages.
Coaxial holography Jiabo technology, at this stage before the advent of the laser in 1960. Reproduction of the object obtained by this technique as with the illumination light mixed together, and difficult to observe.
1948 Jiabo to improve the resolution of electron microscopy in Prague "x-ray microscopy, Zernike phase contrast principle of revelation proposed a lightwave record the amplitude and phase of the object wave method and the experimental confirmed this idea. To further confirm the principle, he has validated the use of electronic waves and visible light, and has been confirmed in the visible, and made a hologram. Since then the until 20th century 5O late, holograms are used mercury lamp as a light source, and the reference light and the object light of the axis of shaft hologram i.e. coaxial hologram. 4-1 order diffracted wave is inseparable from this holography infancy. The hologram of this period there are two serious problems, a reproduction of the original image and conjugated like inseparable; another light source coherence bad in 10 years, and the slow progress of holography.
The off-axis holography is generated after the laser appeared reproduced with the laser recording laser holography, which is characterized by the obtained object to reproduce as separated from the illumination light, easy to observe.
1960 The emergence of the laser beam, there is provided a high degree of coherence light source. In 1962, U.S. scientists Leith (Leith) and upa Courtenay • Alex (Upatnieks) promote the concept of carrier frequency communication theory to the airspace in off-axis holography is to use off-axis reference light with matter optical interferometer to form a hologram, and the reuse of the off-axis of the reference light irradiating the hologram, the hologram to produce 3 separated from each other in the space of the diffraction component, wherein a copy of the original object light. Thus, the coaxial hologram the two challenges declaration resolved to generate the laser recording, reproducing a hologram laser. After sleeping for more than a decade, a new lease on life and enter a very active stage so that holography. Since then, they have appeared multiple hologram method, such as a large depth of field hologram photographic method, laser recording laser reproduction of color hologram photographic method.
White reproduction the holography is recorded with a laser, white light illumination reproduction hologram production technology, given certain conditions holograms with bright colors, which is currently the most widely holography.
Due the laser reproduction hologram lost tonal information, scientists began working on 3rd generation hologram. Benton found records with a laser, white restore image, so this technology is gradually moving towards the practical stage. The first use of the United States National Geographic magazine white light hologram chip attached to the cover, sales increased by 10 million copies of the second edition after 16 million copies. This technology was later passed by the United States to Europe and other countries, laser holography technology also will be popular around the world. Common reflection holography, like holography, rainbow holography and synthetic holography, etc..
White light holography using white to make a hologram, laser or white light illumination observed reproduction, which is the highest stage of holography, although a lot of people to do some preliminary work so far, but not yet a breakthrough. The height of the laser coherence, the requirements of respective elements of the light source and the recording medium relative position of the hologram recording process is strictly maintained unchanged. This also gives the practical use of hologram technology has brought all the inconveniences. So, scientists have come back to continue to explore the possibility of reproducing a hologram recording white white. Holography will eventually out of the shock workbench dark laboratory into more practical areas.
3. Hologram technology application prospects
The very wide range of applications of hologram technology, and continue to be applied to new areas, the following are examples of some important applications of hologram technology.
Hologram display
Hologram displays hologram reproduce three-dimensional object image characteristics, and life-sized hologram film gives fine detail, realistic three-dimensional images of the shape, so the prospects for the development of applications one. It can be used to copy the art treasures of historical relics, and the hologram portrait hologram decorations and hologram landscape can also be used super depth of field photography, so distant to close objects simultaneously recorded on a hologram film. The successive hierarchical observation at different distances from its reproduction like, not subject to the restrictions of the ordinary photographic depth of field. Used hologram display holography: transmission and reflection hologram rainbow hologram image plane hologram, true color hologram synthetic hologram embossed holograms and many other types. Wherein in addition to the transmission hologram needs to be reproduced with a laser, and the rest are available since light reproduction, so that the three-dimensional scene can be observed from the daytime natural environment. Embossed hologram in recent years gradually entering into people's lives, and by the people welcomed and loved embossed hologram embossed art and photographic art to reflect the three-dimensional space, using a multi-level, highly ornamental value in addition to its portable and save as art hologram materials In addition, have been widely used in the field of anti-counterfeit labels, greeting cards, trademarks, covers and book illustrations, have formed a huge industry at home and abroad.
Hologram interferometry
The hologram interference of the coherent light beam is generated by the same system. Which can eliminate the error of the system, reducing the requirements on the accuracy of the optical element. Hologram interferometry can achieve high precision non-contact non-destructive three-dimensional measurement of an arbitrary shape, optionally roughened surface of the three-dimensional diffusely reflecting surface of the object, can be relatively analysis measurements to the class level of the number of wavelengths, but also can of an object in two different moments The state of comparison, thereby detecting any changes occurring by the object within a period of time. Hologram interferometry technology has been combined with the Mohr technology, photoelectric detection technology, CCD data acquisition technology, computer technology, to achieve automatic, fast and accurate real-time measurement. Currently, hologram interferometry analysis has been widely used in the field of non-destructive testing, dimensional shape and contour detection, vibration analysis. Hologram interferometry is an important area of hologram applications.
Security hologram technology
According to conservative estimates, around the world every year due to counterfeit payment instruments (currency, checks) identity cards, credit cards, and fake, that counterfeiting of all kinds of high-end goods and luxury goods of patent infringement caused nearly $ 100 billion to the world economy and industrial losses. In addition, the poor quality of the counterfeit products also serious damage to the image of the brand-name products in order to fight against such economic crimes worldwide in the past some years, holography developed the form of a special hologram image type is particularly effective means of security and may end units with the production process of the products concerned. It is worth mentioning here examples: rainbow holograms, volume and amplitude reflection hologram images "and photopolymer silver salt and dichromated hologram images with a wide range due to the hologram media sub-huge storage capacity and multi-faceted, hologram images applicability of hologram security tag can be recorded, stored, and (together with the transfer of security features to passports, credit cards, such as cosmetics, liquor, sporting goods, household appliances, video tapes, audio tapes, pharmaceuticals, automotive and aircraft parts and other kinds of on the product. the thermocompression convex barrier Breath is an effective means of making security holograms a1, Introduction
Hologram technique
Optical branch is booming, the main use of the optical principle, without the lens, the coherent light interference of two imaging techniques to get all the information of the object. If hologram technology in photographic ordinary
The biggest difference of the photographic technology, that is, the hologram technique can use the principle of laser coherence, the amplitude and phase of the object light reflectance (or transmittance) at the same time is recorded on the photosensitive plate, that is all the information of the object reflected light all recorded and be able to reproduce the three-dimensional three-dimensional image. The recorded hologram technology is not an image, and light waves. Hologram technology in recent years has penetrated into all fields of social life and is widely used in modern scientific research and industrial production, especially in the modern testing, bio-engineering, medicine, arts, business, security and modern storage technology has been shown to a special advantage. With the rapid development of the hologram technology, hologram technology products are becoming more and more market-oriented, applied to modern life.
Hologram technology development profile
Hologram technology in 1948, British scientist (Dennis Gabor) Dennis • Goppal, image quality to improve the electron microscope to reproduce wave theory before, and won the Nobel Prize. But it was poor due to the lack of pure mutual interference of light, the quality of the hologram. Until twelve years later in 1960, the lasers come out, made into a University of Michigan Aimei Di Aires and Zhu Rees • Youpeinike first hologram photo, hologram technology have vigorous and rapid development.
Development of holography about can be divided into coaxial holography, off-axis holography, white reproduction holography, white light holography four stages.
Coaxial holography Jiabo technology, at this stage before the advent of the laser in 1960. Reproduction of the object obtained by this technique as with the illumination light mixed together, and difficult to observe.
1948 Jiabo to improve the resolution of electron microscopy in Prague "x-ray microscopy, Zernike phase contrast principle of revelation proposed a lightwave record the amplitude and phase of the object wave method and the experimental confirmed this idea. To further confirm the principle, he has validated the use of electronic waves and visible light, and has been confirmed in the visible, and made a hologram. Since then the until 20th century 5O late, holograms are used mercury lamp as a light source, and the reference light and the object light of the axis of shaft hologram i.e. coaxial hologram. 4-1 order diffracted wave is inseparable from this holography infancy. The hologram of this period there are two serious problems, a reproduction of the original image and conjugated like inseparable; another light source coherence bad in 10 years, and the slow progress of holography.
The off-axis holography is generated after the laser appeared reproduced with the laser recording laser holography, which is characterized by the obtained object to reproduce as separated from the illumination light, easy to observe.
1960 The emergence of the laser beam, there is provided a high degree of coherence light source. In 1962, U.S. scientists Leith (Leith) and upa Courtenay • Alex (Upatnieks) promote the concept of carrier frequency communication theory to the airspace in off-axis holography is to use off-axis reference light with matter optical interferometer to form a hologram, and the reuse of the off-axis of the reference light irradiating the hologram, the hologram to produce 3 separated from each other in the space of the diffraction component, wherein a copy of the original object light. Thus, the coaxial hologram the two challenges declaration resolved to generate the laser recording, reproducing a hologram laser. After sleeping for more than a decade, a new lease on life and enter a very active stage so that holography. Since then, they have appeared multiple hologram method, such as a large depth of field hologram photographic method, laser recording laser reproduction of color hologram photographic method.
White reproduction the holography is recorded with a laser, white light illumination reproduction hologram production technology, given certain conditions holograms with bright colors, which is currently the most widely holography.
Due the laser reproduction hologram lost tonal information, scientists began working on 3rd generation hologram. Benton found records with a laser, white restore image, so this technology is gradually moving towards the practical stage. The first use of the United States National Geographic magazine white light hologram chip attached to the cover, sales increased by 10 million copies of the second edition after 16 million copies. This technology was later passed by the United States to Europe and other countries, laser holography technology also will be popular around the world. Common reflection holography, like holography, rainbow holography and synthetic holography, etc..
White light holography using white to make a hologram, laser or white light illumination observed reproduction, which is the highest stage of holography, although a lot of people to do some preliminary work so far, but not yet a breakthrough. The height of the laser coherence, the requirements of respective elements of the light source and the recording medium relative position of the hologram recording process is strictly maintained unchanged. This also gives the practical use of hologram technology has brought all the inconveniences. So, scientists have come back to continue to explore the possibility of reproducing a hologram recording white white. Holography will eventually out of the shock workbench dark laboratory into more practical areas.
3, hologram technology application prospects
The very wide range of applications of hologram technology, and continue to be applied to new areas, the following are examples of some important applications of hologram technology.
Hologram display
Hologram displays hologram reproduce three-dimensional object image characteristics, and life-sized hologram film gives fine detail, realistic three-dimensional images of the shape, so the prospects for the development of applications one. It can be used to copy the art treasures of historical relics, and the hologram portrait hologram decorations and hologram landscape can also be used super depth of field photography, so distant to close objects simultaneously recorded on a hologram film. The successive hierarchical observation at different distances from its reproduction like, not subject to the restrictions of the ordinary photographic depth of field. Used hologram display holography: transmission and reflection hologram rainbow hologram image plane hologram, true color hologram synthetic hologram embossed holograms and many other types. Wherein in addition to the transmission hologram needs to be reproduced with a laser, and the rest are available since light reproduction, so that the three-dimensional scene can be observed from the daytime natural environment. Embossed hologram in recent years gradually entering into people's lives, and by the people welcomed and loved embossed hologram embossed art and photographic art to reflect the three-dimensional space, using a multi-level, highly ornamental value in addition to its portable and save as art hologram materials In addition, have been widely used in the field of anti-counterfeit labels, greeting cards, trademarks, covers and book illustrations, have formed a huge industry at home and abroad.
Hologram interferometry
The hologram interference of the coherent light beam is generated by the same system. Which can eliminate the error of the system, reducing the requirements on the accuracy of the optical element. Hologram interferometry can achieve high precision non-contact non-destructive three-dimensional measurement of an arbitrary shape, optionally roughened surface of the three-dimensional diffusely reflecting surface of the object, can be relatively analysis measurements to the class level of the number of wavelengths, but also can of an object in two different moments The state of comparison, thereby detecting any changes occurring by the object within a period of time. Hologram interferometry technology has been combined with the Mohr technology, photoelectric detection technology, CCD data acquisition technology, computer technology, to achieve automatic, fast and accurate real-time measurement. Currently, hologram interferometry analysis has been widely used in the field of non-destructive testing, dimensional shape and contour detection, vibration analysis. Hologram interferometry is an important area of hologram applications.
Security hologram technology
According to conservative estimates, around the world every year due to counterfeit payment instruments (currency, checks) identity cards, credit cards, and fake, that counterfeiting of all kinds of high-end goods and luxury goods of patent infringement caused nearly $ 100 billion to the world economy and industrial losses. In addition, the poor quality of the counterfeit products also serious damage to the image of the brand-name products in order to fight against such economic crimes worldwide in the past some years, holography developed the form of a special hologram image type is particularly effective means of security and may end units with the production process of the products concerned. It is worth mentioning here examples: rainbow holograms, volume and amplitude reflection hologram images "and photopolymer silver salt and dichromated hologram images with a wide range due to the hologram media sub-huge storage capacity and multi-faceted, hologram images applicability of hologram security tag can be recorded, stored, and (together with the transfer of security features to passports, credit cards, such as cosmetics, liquor, sporting goods, household appliances, video tapes, audio tapes, pharmaceuticals, automotive and aircraft parts and other kinds of the product. thermocompression convex barrier Breath is an effective means of making security holograms here can also be clearly seen the holography market has financial station integrated in the security aspects of the production technology is extremely annoying lock embossed hologram image must be with additional security features to prevent replication. specialized laboratories, printing and processing enterprises, the market has been formed, but the scale of development is not possible to estimate the market: price card card and multifunction security marking card system, as well as the identification, encryption, population control and off-line systems.
Biomedical
Hologram solved many unique advantages it difficult to resolve other technical issues, and contributed to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The laser holography first success in the application of eye disease diagnosis and treatment, a hologram photo provided information equivalent to the information provided by the 480 ordinary fundus photographs. In the diagnosis of eye diseases, the use of laser hologram imaging technology can provide three-dimensional images of the entire eye and microscope of the whole image of the eye position (such as the cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous and retina) layer by layer observation and research. Laser hologram imaging technology can also be used to provide separate three-dimensional images of various parts of the eye in order to do in-depth examination. Clinical examination, the use of hologram diagnostic methods can detect breast cancer in more than 1 mm in diameter, and is conducive to the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Ultrasonic holography can be used for medical perspective.
Hologram data storage
Hologram data storage, hologram film paging, under the control of the electronic system by shifting to reproduce fine laser beam can be used when lighting hologram. A typical representative of the hologram information storage the microfilm library materials for laser hologram storage. Current achievement levels: within 1mm spot, it can be clearly recorded 10,000 Chinese characters, l2000 pages of information can be recorded on the negatives in l05 × 148mm2. And the recording speed Jue, a per record, but also to achieve a three-dimensional storage, confidential storage. This technology can be widely used in the Library, Information Centre, Customs and Patent Office, hospitals, public security, and the military command system. Hologram information storage can be achieved not only high-density, high capacity, encryption, fast storage, but also automatically retrieve online with computer graphics original.
Usually the hologram recording medium is a photosensitive emulsion, to record the amplitude distribution of through under light emulsion blackness; with lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single crystals can also recorded. 1000 hologram within 1cm3 size of this single crystal, can be stored. This is because the amount of change in refractive index of lithium niobate in the light irradiation is proportional to the incident light intensity, while the pure phase distribution multilayer exhibited the sake of the multilayer hologram can be recorded, its recording resolving power can exceed 1600 lines / mm. It can be proved that the hologram or the Fourier spectrum to store information and restore information like than real. The manner of storage of this information is perhaps the brain store information, at least provides a possible model for the study of such problems.
Hologram technology outlook
Hologram application potential is enormous, and this new technology will be in full swing in all fields of industrial, medical, defense, public security, resulting in significant social and economic benefits.
As an emerging discipline, hologram technology is still in the booming stage, we believe: With interest rates according to Xu, the further development of science and technology and the efforts of the scientific and technical personnel barrier application is bound to usher in a more brilliant tomorrow.
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